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“Vivid and moving. . . . [Tells] a story all but lost in most civil rights histories.”―Bill Marvel, Dallas Morning News
It was the final speech of a long day, August 28, 1963, when hundreds of thousands gathered on the Mall for the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. In a resounding cadence, Martin Luther King Jr. lifted the crowd when he told of his dream that all Americans would join together to realize the founding ideal of equality. The power of the speech created an enduring symbol of the march and the larger civil rights movement. King’s speech still inspires us fifty years later, but its very power has also narrowed our understanding of the march. In this insightful history, William P. Jones restores the march to its full significance.
The opening speech of the day was delivered by the leader of the march, the great trade unionist A. Philip Randolph, who first called for a march on Washington in 1941 to press for equal opportunity in employment and the armed forces. To the crowd that stretched more than a mile before him, Randolph called for an end to segregation and a living wage for every American. Equal access to accommodations and services would mean little to people, white and black, who could not afford them. Randolph’s egalitarian vision of economic and social citizenship is the strong thread running through the full history of the March on Washington Movement. It was a movement of sustained grassroots organizing, linked locally to women’s groups, unions, and churches across the country. Jones’s fresh, compelling history delivers a new understanding of this emblematic event and the broader civil rights movement it propelled.
8 pages of photographs
- Published on: 2014-08-18
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 8.30" h x .80" w x 5.50" l, .0 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 320 pages
From Booklist
Martin Luther King’s famous “I Have a Dream” speech and the march that occasioned it were about not only racial harmony but also the freedom that comes with equal rights and economic opportunity, in other words, jobs. Jones examines the historic 1963 March on Washington from the perspective of its focus on jobs. He zeros in on labor leader A. Philip Randolph, who advocated for an increase in the minimum wage, extension of minimum wage law to agricultural and other workers left out of the federal law, and programs to train workers for well-paying jobs. Randolph’s life reflected the complex evolution of the labor movement in the U.S., the influence of socialism, and the racism within the unions that kept out black workers. By refocusing on the jobs agenda of the march, Jones notes that it was relatively easier to allow blacks to have access to seats on buses and at lunch counters than to provide them with access to jobs at the restaurants and bus companies. This is an important look at the true significance of the March on Washington. --Vanessa Bush
Review
A tour de force. . . . [Jones] provides great food for thought as the nation faces race relations in the twenty-first century. (Patti Brown - Iowa Republican)
Provides an alternative to the standard account by stressing the part played in the movement by unions and women’s groups. (Louis Menand - The New Yorker)
“[A] fresh take on events leading to the 1963 March on Washington. (Los Angeles Times)
Enlightening. (Jay Strafford - Richmond Times-Dispatch)
Indispensable. . . . . Rediscovers the inextricable links between the civil rights movement and the cause of economic justice. (Sean Wilentz, author of The Rise of American Democracy)
Jones thoroughly recovers the radical reality of the events leading up to the march, as well as the march itself. (Moshe Z. Marvit - Washington Monthly)
Jones gets past the heroic myths and provides us with the history we need not just to celebrate the march but to understand it. This is the single best book on that historic event to date. (Eric Arnesen, The George Washington University)
A magnificent work of historical reconstruction. . . . Jones provides a rich, robust understanding of the meaning of the march. (Michael Honey, author of Going Down Jericho Road)
A masterful history. . . . Will Jones’s deeply satisfying book makes the history of the march whole and demonstrates the depth of change its participants embraced. (Glenda Elizabeth Gilmore, author of Defying Dixie)
One of the great moments in American history becomes fresh again. Peeling away layers of myth, Jones shows the deep roots of the march in a tradition of African-American labor struggle. (Joshua Freeman, author of American Empire)
About the Author
William P. Jones, professor of history at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, is a specialist in civil rights and labor history and contributes to The Nation and other publications. He and his family live in Madison, Wisconsin.
Most helpful customer reviews
12 of 15 people found the following review helpful.
For Jobs and Freedom
By Robin Friedman
This month, August, 2013, marks the 50th anniversary of the March on Washington of August 28, 1963, a watershed in the struggle for civil rights. Many cities will commemorate the March, which drew over 250,000 participants, including Washington, D.C. where the March took place. The March is best remembered for Martin Luther King's concluding "I Have a Dream" speech, which offered a vision of hope for brotherhood and peace in an interracial United States. There is much more to the March and its history that Dr. King's speech, deservedly famous as it is. Released to commemorate the 50th anniversary, William P. Jones' book, "The March on Washington: Jobs, Freedom, and the Forgotten History of Civil Rights" (2013) studies the March and its history beyond a focus on the "I Have a Dream Speech". In so doing, it helps bring a new understanding to the speech, as well as increasing readers' understanding of the civil rights movement in many other ways. Jones,professor of history at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, is a specialist in civil rights and labor history. His book shows how civil rights workers and unionists combined to make the March on Washington.
A. Phillip Randolph (1889 -- 1979) more than Dr. King, is the leading character in Jones' study. Randolph was the director of what became the 1963 March for Jobs and Freedom. The 1963 March was not the first such even Randolph had planned. In 1941, the United States mobilized for the war effort. Randolph, already an established union leader and activist, became concerned that African American workers would not benefit from the economic growth resulting from the war due to pervasive employment discrimination. He mobilized grassroots organizations, including African American unions, church groups, and African American women's groups for a 10,000 person March on Washington to protest employment discrimination. President Roosevelt tried to disuade Randolph from the March, fearing in would divide the country. At virtually the last moment, Roosevelt signed an Executive Order forbidding discrimination in Federal contracting and establishing a Fair Employment Practices Commission. When he had done so, Randolph though his objectives had been achieved and called off the march. The decision disappointed many of the prospective participants.
Randolph's activities in connection with the 1941 march are at the heart of Jones' book, but there is much more. Jones examines Randolph's early unionizing and publishing activity which began in the years of WW I. Although his focus varied, Randolph had strong socialist tendencies and focused on jobs and economic opportunities for all in the United States, regardless of race. Thus, as early as 1919, Randolph urged black radicals "to form an alliance with white radicals to build a new society -- a society of equals, without class, race, caste or religious distinctions." Throughout his life, Randolph was strongly anti-communist.
Jones examines Randolph's skill at organization and networking which culminated first in the 1941 planned march. Although the march did not occur, Randolph transformed the organization into a "March on Washington Movement", supported again largely by African American unions and African American women's groups which monitored compliance with Roosevelt's Executive Order and fought discrimination against black people. Jones' history then shifts to Martin Luther King Jr. who becamse leader of the Montgomery, Alabama bus boycott in 1955. Randolph supported the movement with funds, publicity, and staff, including Bayard Rustin who played the critical role in planning the 1963 March. From that point on, King's and Randolph's movements intertwined.
In the 1950's Randolph continued to work for social and economic justice for African American workers. When there was a partial falling out with national union leadership, and in light of President Kennedy's proposed civil rights legislation, Randolph again pursued the March on Washington he had planned in 1941. He enlisted Dr. King and various other civil rights and union organizations at various places on the political spectrum.
Jones wants to show a greater degree of militancy in the March than it frequently is accorded in standard accounts. Jobs, economic, justice, and social reorganization were at the forefront of all the speakers that proceeded Dr. King, including Randolph's own opening speech. Without the eloquence of King, Randolph proclaimed a message of economic justice: "The sanctity of private property takes second place to the sanctity of the human personality". The following speakers were more radical than Randolph. And Dr. King said, in the sometimes overlooked first line of his speech: "The Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity."
Jones' shows the many groups and positions in the civil rights struggle that coalesced during the March on Washington, with a strong focus on unionism and economic justice. He also spends substantial space examining the rising women's movement. The march and the civil rights movement were only possible because of the large efforts made since the beginning of the 20th Century in working towards economic justice and civil rights. The movement risked fracturing and factionalization many times, before and subsequent to the 1963 March.
This is a detailed, scholarly book. Jones' passion for his subject and his militance for economic justice comes through his pages and enhances the study. Even if the reader does not fully share Jones' perspective there is much to be learned and admired from the voice of economic radicalism. The writing style of the book sometimes requires effort to go through, and the book's organization sometimes is cumbersome and repetitive. That said this book offers an extraordinarily perceptive and provocative account of the 1963 March on Washington, its background and its goals. This book is an excellent choice for readers wanting to think about the March on Washington and its ongoing significance.
Robin Friedman
6 of 7 people found the following review helpful.
Timely and Profound
By Ajamu Dillahunt
Arriving on the eve of the 50th Anniversary of this seminal event in US history, Jones illuminates the decades history that served as the basis for this powerful event. He takes us way beyond the King speech into the critical players, their radicalism and the full agenda of this 1963 protest march and rally. A scholarly work that is assessable for those trying to make a difference today. Clearly the March issues remain unresolved.
3 of 3 people found the following review helpful.
Valuable reading!
By petya g
Valuable reading to put the March of 1963 in contact. I was at that March, and proud to have been there. This book gives context on its origins, the other themes about jobs and economic opportunity that were so important to the organizers, about which I knew little. Does a fine job showing how constrained the black community was by the political conservatism of the country on race issues and economic issues both. I wish the author were more analytic, interpretative. Much of it consists of references to meeting notes, letters, etc. This is great in building a strong narrative and time line and relationships, thus solid history. It lacks the incisive interpretation that makes great history. Worth a read if you are interested in the issues
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